{"id":13972,"date":"2026-06-28T17:44:35","date_gmt":"2026-06-28T17:44:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jstconsultancy.cz\/?p=13972"},"modified":"2026-07-31T21:46:16","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T21:46:16","slug":"nuclear-energy-and-energy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/en\/nuclear-energy-and-energy\/","title":{"rendered":"Nuclear Energy and Energy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pillar-energy.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-14027\" src=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pillar-energy-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pillar-energy-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pillar-energy-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/pillar-energy.jpg 1806w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Nuclear energy is a closed sector. The main players like \u0160koda JS, Doosan \u0160koda Power, Rolls-Royce SMR, Westinghouse, Framatome, EDF, Rosatom have their own equipment:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">they have their own vacuum furnaces<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">their own annealing furnaces<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">their own PWHT lines (Post Weld Heat Treatment)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">their own NDT<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">their own qualification according to <strong>ASME<\/strong> <sup>(1)<\/sup>\/ <strong>RCC\u2011M<\/strong> <sup>(2)<\/sup>\/<strong> EN 13445<\/strong> <sup>(3)<\/sup>, <strong>ISO 19443<\/strong> <sup>(4)<\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>a d\u00e1le<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">OEM Process Specifications<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">OEM Heat Treatment Specifications<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">OEM NDT Specifications<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>External services are only used where the<strong> OEM<\/strong> does not have the technology. <strong>Critical safety-grade components<\/strong> are predominantly manufactured and heat-treated in <strong>qualified OEM plants<\/strong> or by long-term <strong>qualified suppliers<\/strong>. However, outsourcing is limited to qualified partners with approved technologies and with approved <strong>NQA-1 <\/strong><sup>(5)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>These can be:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">diffusion coatings (aluminizing, chromizing)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">vacuum brazing<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">HIP (for some components)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">special high-temperature annealing<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">heat treatment of large castings<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">heat treatment of special alloys (Ni\u2011based, ODS <sup>(6)<\/sup>, HEA <sup>(7)<\/sup>)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The nuclear sector only outsources when:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">it is a unique technology that the OEM does not have<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">it is oversized<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">it is a new project \u00a0(SMR<sup>(8)<\/sup>, SCW<sup>(9)<\/sup>, HTR<sup>(10)<\/sup><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">these are materials outside the standard portfolio<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>SMR<\/strong> <sup>(8)<\/sup> \u2013 projects (Rolls\u2011Royce, GE Hitachi BWRX\u2011300, Westinghouse AP300, EDF NUWARD) will need:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong style=\"color: #000000;\">HIP for AM <\/strong>parts (holders, spacers, valves, pumps, seals)<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"color: #000000;\">Vacuum HT <\/strong>for Ni alloys<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"color: #000000;\">Brazing <\/strong>(heat exchangers, steam generators)<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"color: #000000;\">Diffusion coatings <\/strong>(aluminizing, chromizing)<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"color: #000000;\">HT for SCW <sup>(9)<\/sup><\/strong> materials<span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0(<strong>IN617, 800H, 316H, ODS<\/strong>)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To even get into the nuclear sector, we need to get an <strong>ASME Sec. III Div. 1 \/ Div. 5<\/strong> qualification. Essentially, this is a specific part of the <strong>American Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code<\/strong> (<strong>ASME<\/strong> <sup>(11)<\/sup> <strong>BPVC<\/strong> <sup>(12)<\/sup>), which defines the rules for the design, manufacture and testing of nuclear equipment components. Even if there is no chance of reactor parts, this sector needs<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">HIP<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">AM post-processing<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Diffusion coatings<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Vacuum HT<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">HT for materials in contact with SCW<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">HT support for turbine parts<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">HT support in SMR programs<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">HT support in research projects<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Also requires a wide range of standard parts such as valves, gate valves, actuators, pumps, heat exchangers, etc.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/img-7905.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-13961\" src=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/img-7905-225x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/img-7905-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/img-7905-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/img-7905.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/504-obrazek1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-13959\" src=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/504-obrazek1-300x192.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/504-obrazek1-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/504-obrazek1-1024x654.png 1024w, https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/504-obrazek1.png 1058w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em><strong>Fig. 1 and 2<\/strong><\/em><\/span> &#8211; <em>Pictures from Rolls-Royce SMR supplier technical briefing in Prague, November 2025<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Energy Gas, Hydrogen, Geothermal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In addition to nuclear energy, this segment also includes energy production from combustion gas turbines, hydrogen technology or geothermal energy. What comes to mind most for us is the production of combustion turbines. The demand for them is growing significantly, especially with regard to powering data centers. They are built decentralized in order to limit the impact of the system. This is a sector where the material requirements are comparable to the aerospace industry, but with a different qualification philosophy focused on long-term creep properties and equipment reliability. The reasons are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The turbine operates at 600\u20131100 \u00b0C<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Extreme centrifugal forces<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Creep, fatigue, oxidation<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Lifetime 100,000+ hours<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Safety criticality (turbine explosion = destruction of the power plant)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This sector uses a number of thermal processes, but access to them is heavily restricted, only on the basis of NDA, only to long-term partners<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>after <strong>NDA<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>after audit review<\/li>\n<li>after pre-qualification process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This sector works exclusively with its internal OEM specifications.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">own specifications (e.g. Siemens TLV, Doosan DPS, GE P-specs)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">own process qualification<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">own audit system<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">own material standards<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">own NDT requirements<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, there are standard standards for specific materials, but they are further implemented into the <strong>OEM<\/strong>&#8216;s own internal specifications, which are not public and are not subject to <strong>ASTM, EN or ISO<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The reason is simple:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">turbine blades, discs, rotors and combustion components are OEM know-how<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">thermal cycles are secret<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">microstructure is patented<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">life is a competitive advantage<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Therefore:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#x274c;<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> does not exist ASTM \u201eHeat Treatment for Gas Turbine Blades\u201c<\/span><\/li>\n<li>&#x274c; does not exist <span style=\"color: #000000;\">ASTM \u201ePWHT for Ni\u2011based Superalloys in Turbines\u201c<\/span><\/li>\n<li>&#x274c; does not exist<span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0ASTM \u201eHT for Hot Section Components\u201c<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The <strong>OEM<\/strong>s keep it to themselves. <strong>ASTM<\/strong> is used only as a basic material framework, not as a process standard. See examples:<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#x2714;<\/strong><strong> ASTM material standards (examples)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ASTM A182<\/strong> \u2013 Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service, kovan\u00e9 d\u00edly<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ASTM A213 <\/strong>Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes, Cr\u2011Mo oceli (P91, P92)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ASTM A217<\/strong> \u2013 Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service, odlitky pro vysok\u00e9 teploty<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ASTM A335 <\/strong>&#8211; Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ASTM B333<\/strong> \u2013 Standard Specification for Nickel-Molybdenum Alloy Plate, Sheet, and Strip, Hastelloy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ASTM B335 <\/strong>&#8211; Standard Specification for Nickel-Molybdenum Alloy Rod<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ASTM B637<\/strong> \u2013 Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service, IN718<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ASTM B670<\/strong> \u2013 Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening Nickel Alloy (UNS N07718) Plate, Sheet, and Strip for High-Temperature Service, IN625<\/span><\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ASTM F2924<\/strong> &#8211; Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium with Powder Bed Fusion, Ti6Al4V<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ASTM F3001 <\/strong>&#8211; Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) with Powder Bed Fusion<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ASTM F3055<\/strong> \u2013 Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N07718) with Powder Bed Fusion,<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ASTM F3056 <\/strong>&#8211; Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N06625) with Powder Bed Fusion<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>ASTM F3302<\/strong> \u2013 Standard for Additive Manufacturing \u2013 Finished Part Properties \u2013 Standard Specification for Titanium Alloys via Powder Bed Fusion<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The sector itself shows and will show continuous growth, but very small, 1-3% per year. What is important to see, however, is that it is a huge resource for <strong>Modernization and repowering,<\/strong> and for the Service market (<strong>MRO<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>M<\/strong>aintenance, <strong>R<\/strong>epair, <strong>O<\/strong>verhauls).<\/p>\n<p>Even though it is a very interesting market segment, if we are looking for a new job as a replacement for automotive, then most hardening shops are simply not ready for it. Neither in terms of certification, nor in terms of personnel, nor in terms of equipment. It will be a market only for the chosen ones, or rather for those who are not afraid to put effort into these new processes.<\/p>\n<p>An attempt to summarize is in this infographic<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/504-obrazek-2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-13963\" src=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/504-obrazek-2-200x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/504-obrazek-2-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/504-obrazek-2-683x1024.png 683w, https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/504-obrazek-2.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/chatgpt-image-29-6-2026-23-44-26.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-14002\" src=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/chatgpt-image-29-6-2026-23-44-26-300x225.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/chatgpt-image-29-6-2026-23-44-26-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/chatgpt-image-29-6-2026-23-44-26-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/intelligent-kalam.80-240-27-133.plesk.page\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/chatgpt-image-29-6-2026-23-44-26.png 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Fig. 3<\/strong> <\/span>&#8211; Infographic of the potential for commercial heat treatment<br \/>\n<\/em><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Fig. 4<\/strong> <\/span>&#8211; The pyramid of quality management systems<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Abbreviations used<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sup>(1)<\/sup> ASME<\/strong> Code (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sup>(2)<\/sup> RCC-M <\/strong>(R\u00e8gles de Conception et de Construction des Mat\u00e9riels M\u00e9cano-Soud\u00e9s)<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sup>(3)<\/sup> EN 13445<\/strong> Unfired Pressure Vessels, references qualified welding procedures and personnel qualifications according to applicable EN ISO standards (e.g. EN ISO 9606, EN ISO 15614) and NDT personnel qualification according to EN ISO 9712 where applicable.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sup>(4)<\/sup> ISO 19443 <\/strong>&#8211; Quality management systems \u2014 Specific requirements for the application of ISO 9001:2015 by organizations in the supply chain of the nuclear energy sector supplying products and services important to nuclear safety (<strong>ITNS<\/strong>)<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sup>(5)<\/sup>\u00a0NQA- 1 <\/strong>&#8211; Nuclear Quality Assurance<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sup>(6)<\/sup> ODS<\/strong> &#8211; Oxide Dispersion Strengthened<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sup>(7)<\/sup>\u00a0HEA<\/strong> &#8211; High-Entropy Alloys<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sup>(8)<\/sup> SMR \u2013 <\/strong>Small Modular Reactors<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sup>(9)<\/sup> SCW<\/strong> \u2013 Super Critical Water<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sup>(10)<\/sup> HTR <\/strong>\u2013 High Temperature Reactor<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sup>(11)<\/sup> ASME <\/strong>&#8211; The American Society of Mechanical Engineers<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><sup>(12)<\/sup> BPVC <\/strong>&#8211; Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>=======================================================================================================<br \/>\n<strong>Are you solving a similar problem? I will help you with the analysis\u2026<\/strong><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"emoji\" role=\"img\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/17.0.2\/svg\/2714.svg\" alt=\"&#x2714;\" \/>\u00a040+ years of experience in the field<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"emoji\" role=\"img\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/17.0.2\/svg\/2714.svg\" alt=\"&#x2714;\" \/>\u00a030+ years of experience\u2026 HT-PROGRES, Bodycote, Galvamet<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"emoji\" role=\"img\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/17.0.2\/svg\/2714.svg\" alt=\"&#x2714;\" \/>\u00a0cooperation\u2026 V\u0160B, Czechimplant, ECM Technologies, TAV Vacuum Furnaces, GHC Invest<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"emoji\" role=\"img\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/17.0.2\/svg\/2714.svg\" alt=\"&#x2714;\" \/>\u00a012+ years of expert activity<br \/>\nWant to ask for a solution or want a non-binding consultation? Click on this link, I will usually respond within 24 hours.\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:stanislav.jirka@gmail.com\">Contact email<\/a><br \/>\n========================================================================================================<br \/>\n<strong>Ji\u0159\u00ed Stanislav, Ing. CSc.<br \/>\n<\/strong>Consultant and forensic expert<br \/>\n========================================================================================================<\/p>\n<p>28\/6\/2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nuclear energy is a closed sector. The main players like \u0160koda JS, Doosan \u0160koda Power, Rolls-Royce SMR, Westinghouse, Framatome, EDF, Rosatom have their own equipment: they<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":13969,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[318,330],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy-en","category-quality-systems-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nuclear Energy and Energy - JST Consultancy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nuclear Energy and Energy - JST Consultancy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nuclear energy is a closed sector. 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